Hydroxycitric acid derivatives

ABSTRACT

Ester and amide derivatives of threo-hydroxycitric acid gamma lactone inhibit fatty acid synthesis in biological systems and are useful in the treatment of obesity and in correcting conditions of lipid abnormalities.

United States Patent n91 Guthrie et al.

[ Nov. 11, 1975 HYDROXYCITRIC ACID DERIVATIVES {751 Inventors: Robert William Guthrie, Fairfield;

Richard Wightman Kierstead, North Caldwell. both of NJ.

[73] Assignee: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley.

22 Filed: JulyS. 1973 211 Appl. mom-n8 Related US. Application Data [621 Di\ision of Ser. No. 204.288. Dec. 2. i971. Pat, No.

[52] US. Cl. 260/343.6 [5 l] Int. Cl. C07D 307/32 [58] Field of Search 260/3416 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3.810.884 5/1974 Gold loll/343.6

Primal E.mminer-Raymond V. Rush Assistant Eramincr-Anne Marie T, Tighe Attorney. Agent. or Firm-Samuel L. Welt; Jon S. Saxe', Raymond R. Wittekind 9 Claims. N0 Drawings 1 HYDROXYCITRIC ACID DERIVATIVES Related Application This is a division of copending patent application Ser. No. 204,288 filed Dec. 2, l97l now US. Pat. No. 3,767,678.

Brief Description of the Invention The present invention relates to novel compounds of the formula il Y-C o R O l H C --2 wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkanoyl; Y is one of the groups R or NR R Z is one of the groups CR or NR R where R; is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl lower alkyl or aryl; R is lower alkyl, aryl lower alkyl or aryl; R R R and R each taken independently is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aryl lower alkyl; R and R taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom and R and R taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom each independently form a 5- or 6 membered heterocyelic ring which may contain one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen; and the optical antipodes and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

As used throughout the specification and the appended claims, the term alkyl shall mean a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing no unsaturation and having up to carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, hexyl, isopropyl, tert.-butyl, decyl, and so forth; the term cycloalkyl" shall mean a saturated hydrocarbon group possessing at least one carbocyclic ring, said ring containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, l-adamantyl and so forth; the term aryl" shall 2 mean phenyl or phenyl monosubstituted with one of the following groups: halogen (i.e. chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine), lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, nitro, cyano, carboxyl or alkanoyl-amino. The term alkanoyl shall mean the residue formed by removing the hydroxyl portion from the carboxyl group of an alkanoic acid having up to 20 carbon atoms, such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl. and so forth. Examples of heterocyclic rings formed when R and R,

0 or R and R,,- are taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom are pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl and so forth. The term *lower" as applied to any of the foregoing groups denotes a group having a carbon skeleton containing up to and including 8 carbon atoms.

The compounds of formulas la and lb are prepared by a novel sequence of reactions depicted in Reaction Scheme A. The starting material for this reaction sequence is raeemic or optically active threo-hydroxycitric acid 'y-lactone (ll). The (+)-antipode of formula II is a well known natural product, Garcinia acid, obtainable by isolation from the fruit of Gurcinia cambogia using known procedures.

It should be understood that the processes described herein may be employed either in the raeemic or in the optically active series and that all of the novel compounds described herein may be prepared in the racemic or in either antipodal form. Where an optically active starting material of formula II is not utilized, suitable intermediates such as those of formula [0 can be resolved utilizing standard optical resolution techniques involving the separation of diastereomeric salts of the acid with an optically active base.

The novel compounds of the present invention may be conveniently prepared via the intermediate anhydride Ill. The anhydride is prepared from threohydroxy citric acid 'y-lactone II by treatment of the latter with an anhydrating agent. An anhydrating agent is defined as an agent which serves to convert a cis-1,2- dicarboxylic acid to the corresponding anhydride. Suitable anhydrating agents include alkanoic acid anhydrides, for example acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and so forth; and alkanoyl halides, for example acetyl chloride, propionyl chloride,

REACTION SCHEME A coon o coon n II N y-li Y-C O O K J V O coon coz l (SH Ia It) 1 0 9 l n l Y-C OH 0 ll 2 -c no CHQCOZR wherein R, and Y are as above, R is lower alkanoyl,

R is lower alkyl, phenyl lower alkyl or aryl and Z in one of the groups OR" or NR R wherein R is lower alkyl, aryl lower lower alkyl or aryl and R and R are as above.

and so forth. The anhydrating agent effects both the conversion of the cis-dicarboxylic acid grouping to an anhydride and the conversion of the hydroxyl group to its lower alkanoyl derivative. Thus, the alkanoyl portion of the anhydrating agent is retained as R of the anhydride Ill.

The formation of the anhydride Ill may be conveniently carried out using an excess of the anhydration agent as the reaction medium, although an inert organic solvent may be employed as a diluent. Suitable inert organic solvents include hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene or toluene; organic ethers, e.g. dioxane or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and so forth.

The anhydration reaction is suitably carried out at an elevated temperature in the range of from about 50 to about 150C most preferably from about 80 to about lC. In a particularly preferred procedure, a mixture of alkanoic acid anhydride and alkanoyl halide derived from the same alkanoic acid is employed as an anhydrating agent. The ratio of these reagents is not narrowly critical and a mole ratio of from about 1:9 to about 9: l anhydride:halide is operable. A ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:l anhydride:halide is preferred.

The anhydride III is an excellent acylating agent for amines and alcohols. Thus, the anhydride [II can be reacted either with an alcohol of the formula R 'OH, where R is as above, with an amine of the formula R R NH, where R and R are as above, to afford, re-

spectively, compounds of formula la-l and 11 a2.

wherein R,, R R and R are as above. The compounds prepared directly from the anhydride II] are those members of the subgenuses 10-1 and 10-2 where R, is lower alkanoyl. The preparation of the remaining members of these subgenuses wherein R is hydrogen is described below. This also applies for the preparation of compounds of formula lb.

The reaction is suitably effected by treating the anhydride with an excess of either the amine or alcohol in an inert organic solvent. When an amine is used as a reactant, it is generally preferred to utilize at least 2 equivalents since one equivalent will react with the carboxyl group generated to form an addition salt. Suitable inert organic solvents include hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene, toluene, hexane and so forth; organic ethers, e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and so forth; and the like. The acylation reaction may be carried out within a temperature range of from about 20 to about lC. A temperature range of from about 0 to 30C. is preferred for amines and lower molecular weight alcohols. A temperature range of to C. is preferred for higher molecular weight alcohols.

The monosubstituted compounds of formula la can be converted to the disubstituted compounds of formula lb in a two-step process comprising conversion of the free-carboxyl group to an active derivative such as an acyl halide, mixed anhydride or acyl imidazole, followed by reaction of this activated derivative with either an alcohol of the formula R "OH or an amine of the formula R R NH. Compounds of formula la-l are thus converted to compounds of formula lb-l and lb-2, respectively.

ago-c i? p a o -02 g ,1 5

where R,, R R R and R are as above. Compounds of formula la-2 are converted in this manner to compounds of formulas lb-3 and lb-4, respectively.

where R,, R R R R and R are as above.

Acyl halides of the carboxylic acids of formula Ia may be prepared by reacting the carboxylic acid with a suitable halogenating agent. Examples of suitable halogenating agents are, for example, thionyl chloride, oxaly] chloride, thionyl bromide, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorous tribromide and so forth. The acyl halides are prepared by reacting the carboxylic acid and halogenating agent in an inert organic solvent. Suitable inert organic solvents include hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene and toluene; organic ethers, e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and so forth. The halogenation reaction may be conveniently carried out at a temperature of from about to about 150C. A temperature of from about 50 to about 150C. is preferred. The carboxylic acids of formula la can also be converted to other activated acyl derivatives such as acyl imidazoles. In this process, the carboxylic acid is treated with carbonyl diimidazole in an inert organic solvent at about room temperature.

The activated acyl derivatives described above are next reacted with the appropriate alcohol or amine to afford the compounds of formula lb. This reaction may be carried out conveniently in an inert organic solvent such as hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene or toluene; organic ethers, e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane; organic esters, e.g. ethyl acetate; and the like. The reaction temperature may range from about 0 to about lOOC; although, a temperature of from about 0' to about room temperature is generally preferred.

Compounds of formula lb-l and [b-3 wherein R is lower alkyl or aryl lower alkyl, may be prepared by reacting the carboxylic acid with the appropriate diazoalkylene or phenyl diazoalkylene, e.g. diazomethane, diazoethane or phenyl diazomethane in an inert organic solvent, preferably in an organic ether, at about room temperature.

In another aspect of the present invention, copmpounds la and lb are converted to compounds of formulas lV-a and IV-b, respectively, by treatment with an alcohol, ROH, where R is as above, in the presence of a strong acid. In this reaction, alkanoylsis of the lactone ring, and concomitant esterification of the free carboxyl group as well as hydrolysis of the ester OR occurs. The reaction is conveniently carried out in any suitable inert organic solvent, although, it is generally preferred to employ an excess of the alcohol reactant as the solvent. Suitable strong acids include mineral acid, e.g. hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid and so forth; organic sulfonic acids, e.g. p-toluene sulfonic acid and so forth; and the like. The strong acid may either be added directly to the reaction mixture or may be generated in situ by reaction of a suitable acid precursor with the alcohol present. Suitable acid precursors include the halogenating agents described above for the preparation of the acyl halides, such as thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride. The alcoholysis reaction may be carried out at a temperature range of from about room temperature to about l00C. It is particularly convenient to carry out the reaction at the boiling point of the reaction medium. Compounds of formulas lVa-l and lVb-l.

\N-C OH 0 n R'O-C wherein R, R and R are as above, Y is one of the groups 0R or NR R where R R and R are as above, Z" is one of the groups CR or NR R wherein R is lower alkyl, aryl lower alkyl or aryl and R and R are as above, but with the added proviso that Y' cannot be 0R when 2" is 0R are novel and are useful in controlling lipogenesis.

Compounds of formulas la and lb wherein R, is hydrogen may be prepared from compounds Wu and lVb, respectively, by lactonization. Suitable lactonization procedures include heating the compound of formula la or lb with azeotropic removal of ROH. A particularly preferred procedure is fractional distillation.

The compounds of formulas l and IV are useful for inhibiting fatty acid synthesis in biological systems. The

7 biological systems in which the compounds of the present invention may be used include those containing citrate cleavage enzyme. Preferred biological systems are mammals, particularly non-ruminating mammals.

The inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in biological systems by the use of the compounds of the present invention is believed to arise from the inhibition by such compounds of citrate cleavage enzyme contained in such systems. The cleavage of citrate is catalyzed by citrate cleavage enzyme according to the stoichiometry'. citrate CoA ATP acetyl CoA oxaloacetate ADP P,.

In the conversion of carbohydrates and various amino acids to fat by non-ruminating mammals, citrate is the major source of acetyl co-enzyme A, which is utilized for the synthesis of fatty acids. Citrate is formed in the mitochondria by the citrate synthase reaction. it is then metabolized via the citric acid cycle. Under conditions when energy intake exceeds energy demand, some citrate is diverted to the extra-mitochondrial space of the cell where it is used for fatty acid synthesis, that is to say, for energy storage. The novel compounds of formulas 1 and IV of the present invention are thus useful in the treatment of obesity and in the correction of lipid abnormalities.

As mentioned above, compounds of formula 1 may be used in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Preferred salts for this purpose include alkali metals, e.g. sodium or potassium the alkaline earth metals, e.g. calcium; or complex salts such as ammonium or substituted ammonium salts such as a mono-, dior trialkylammonium salt or a mono-, dior tri-hydroxyalkyl-ammonium salt.

These compounds can be made up in the form of conventional pharmaceutical preparations; for example, the aforesaid compounds can be mixed with organic or inorganic inert pharmaceutical carriers suitable for parenteralor enteral administrations such as, for example, water, gelatin, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, talc, vegetable oil, gums or the like. They can be administered in conventional pharmaceutical forms, e.g. solid forms, for example, tablets, capsules, dragees, suppositories, or the like; or in liquid forms, for example, solutions, suspensions, or emulsions. Moreover, the pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of this invention can be subjected to the conventional pharmaceutical expedients such as sterilization, and can contain conventional pharmaceutical excipients such as preservatives, stabilizing agents, emulsifying agents, emulsifying agents, salts for the adjustment of osmotic pressure or buffers. The compositions can also contain other therapeutically active materials.

A suitable pharmaceutical dosage unit can contain from about to 600 mg. of the aforesaid compound. Suitable parenteral dosage regimens in mammals comprise from about l mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg per day. However, for any particular subject, specific dosage regimens should be adjusted according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the aforesaid compounds. It is to be understood that the dosages set forth herein are exemplary only and that they do not, to any extent, limit the scope or practice of the invention.

The present invention may be more clearly illustrated by the following examples. All the temperatures are stated in degrees Centigrade.

EXAMPLE 1 2(S),3(S)-Tetrahydro-3-acetoxy-5-oxo-furan-2,3-

dicarboxylic acid anhydride A. A mixture of (+)-threo-hydroxycitric acid 7 lactone [2(S), 3(S)-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-furan- 2,3-dicarboxy1ic acid, (+)-Garcinia acid] (28.0 g.) and acetic anhydride (150 ml.) was maintained at 95 (steam bath) for 30 minutes, then the solvent was re moved under reduced pressure. A solution of the residue in methylene chloride was filtered to remove a small amount of insoluble material then was diluted with carbon tetrachloride. The resulting crystalline precipitate was collected by filtration to give 26.1 g. of the anhydride, mp 136l 39. Recrystallization from methylene chloride-ether furnished the analytical sample, mp l42l43.

B. A solution of (+)-threo-hydroxycitric acid 3/ lactone (20 g.) in acetic anhydride ml.) and acetyl chloride (40 ml.) was heated at reflux under anhydrous conditions for minutes. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 22 g. of the anhydride identical with that prepared in part A. above.

Anal. Calcd. for C H O C, 44.87; H, 2.82. Found: C, 44.26; H, 2.98.

EXAMPLE 2 2(S ,3(S )-Tetrahydro-2-methoxycarbonyl-3-acetoxy 5-oxo-3-fu rancarboxylic acid The anhydride, prepared as in Example 1, l 1.09 g.) was dissolved in anhydrous methanol ml.) and heated to reflux for 5 minutes. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting solid was dried under high vacuum. Crystallization from dry chloroform-carbon tetrachloride afforded 1 1.2 g. of the monoester, mp ll6-l 18. The analytically pure sample was obtained from dry chloroform-hexane, mp 1 16-118; [011 +1 l0.65 (c, 1.0, CHCI Anal. Calcd. for C H O C, 43.91; H, 4.09. Found: C, 43.86; H, 4.28.

EXAMPLE 3 2(S ,3(S )-Tetrahydro- 2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-acetoxy-5- oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid The anhydride, prepared as in Example 1, (6.5 g.) was dissolved in absolute ethanol 100 ml.) and heated to reflux for 5 minutes. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give 8.0 g. of a white solid. Crystallization from ether-hexane furnished 4.7 g. of the ethyl ester, m.p. l33-135. Concentration of the mother liquors gave an additional 2.0 g., mp l32134. Recrystallization from ether-hexane afforded the pure material, mp 136; [(11 +1 10.98".

Anal. Calcd. for C H O C, 46.16; H, 4.65. Found: C, 46.03; H, 4.57.

EXAMPLE 4 Methyl 2(S ,3(S )-tetrahydro-3 -acetoxy-3-carbamoyl-5-oxo-2- furan carboxylate Oxalyl chloride (20 ml.) was added to a solution of the methyl ester, prepared as in Example 2, (6.2 g.) in dry tetrahydrofuran and the solution was refluxed for 30 minutes. The solution was evaporated in vacuo and residual oxalyl chloride was removed by repeated evaporation with dry benzene. The residual acid chloride was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (50 ml.) and the solution was cooled to To this stirred solution, 25 ml. of a 2.3 M solution of ammonia in tetrahydrofuran was added rapidly. After one minute the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was dissolved in water and extracted into ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were dried (M son and concentrated to dryness to give 4.8 g. of crude amide as an oil. Crystallization from ethyl-hexane afforded 2.3 g. of the amide as a yellow solid, mp 161163. Concentration of the mother liquors gave an additional 1.2 g. of material, mp 160-163. The combined crops were decolorized with charcoal and crystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane to give 28 g. of colorless crystals, mp 164166. The analytically pure material was obtained from the same solvent system, mp 165166, [04],, l29.42 (c, 1.0, MeOH).

Anal. Calcd. for C H NO C, 44.09; H, 4.52; N, 5.71. Found: C, 44.03; H, 4.58, N, 5.49.

EXAMPLE Ethyl 2( S ),3( S )-tetrahydro-3-acetoxy-3-carbamoyl-5-oxo- 2- furancarboxylate A mixture of ethyl ester, prepared as in Example 3, g.) and oxalyl chloride (60 ml.) was heated at reflux for 60 minutes then the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residual oxalyl chloride was eliminated through repeated evaporation with dry benzene. The crude acid chloride was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran and the solution was cooled in an ice-water bath then 80 ml. of a 2.3M solution of ammonia in tetrahydrofuran was added rapidly. The solution was evaporated immediately in vacuo at low temperature and the residue was dissolved in water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were dried (Na SO and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 13 g. of crude amide as a yellow oil. Crystallization from ethyl acetatehexane furnished 9.8 g. of yellow crystals, mp 133-135. Decolorization using charcoal and subsequent recrystallization from ethyl acetate afforded analytically pure amide, mp l34l35, [M 108.84 (c, 1.0, CHCl Anal. Calcd. for C H NO C, 46.34; H, 5.06; N, 5.40. Found: C, 46.12; H, 5.06; N, 5.24.

EXAMPLE 6 2( S ,3 S )-Tetrahydro-2-( N-ethylcarbamoyl)-3- acetoxy-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid A stirred solution of 78 mmol anhydride, prepared as in Example 1, in dry tetrahydrofuran (150 ml.) was treated with a solution of monoethylamine (8 g; 0.176 mol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. The exothermic reaction was moderated by cooling in an ice-water bath. After 5 minutes the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was taken up in l N hydrochloric acid 180 ml.). The acidic mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 X) and the organic extracts were washed with brine. The combined ethyl acetate layers were dried (Na- 80 and concentrated in vacuo to give 14.1 g. of a solid residue. Crystallization from ethyl acetatecarbon tetrachloride furnished 9.7 g. of the white crystalline amide, mp 161-163. The analytically pure material was obtained from the same solvent mixture, mp 161163; [011 143.75 (c, 1.02, MeOH).

Anal. Calcd. for C H NO z C, 46.34; H, 5.06; N, 5.40. Found: C, 46.07; H, 5.24; N, 5.46.

EXAMPLE 7 2(S),3( S )-Tetrahyd ro-2-[N-( l-adamantylcarbamoyl)]-3-acetoxy-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid To a stirred solution of anhydride, prepared as in Example 1, (9.8 g; 51.5 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (250 ml.) was added a solution of I-adamantanamine (16.8 g; 0.11 mol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran ml. After 5 minutes the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dispersed in l N hydrochloric acid solution (150 ml.). The mixture was extracted with chloroform (3 X) and the organic layers were washed in turn with 2% hydrochloric acid solution (1 X) and with brine (2 X). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO and evaporated under pressure. The residue was crystallized twice from acetone-hexane to give 17.7 g. of the amide, mp l29-l3l (dec). Recrystallization from acetone-hexane afforded the analytical sample as the acetone solvate, mp (dec); [111 653 (c, 0.5, CHCl Anal. Calcd. for C ,,1-1 NO .3/4 C H O: C, 59.52; H, 6.78; N, 3.43. Found; C, 59.71; H. 6.98; N, 3.33.

EXAMPLE 8 3(S),2( S )-Tetrahydro-2-( N,N-diethylcarbamoyl )-3- acetoxy-S-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid A solution of diethylamine 12.5 ml; 0.12 mol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (100 ml.) was added rapidly to a stirred solution of 5 .25 mmol of the anhydride, prepared as in Example 1, in dry tetrahydrofuran (100 ml.). The reaction was cooled throughout by means of an ice-water bath. After 5 minutes the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting material was dissolved in 1 N hydrochloric acid solution (100 ml.). The acidic reaction mixture then was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 X) and the organic layers were washed with 0.2 N. hydrochloric acid. The combined extracts were dried (MgSO and decolorized using charcoal and then were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was crystallized twice from methylene chloride-hexane to give 8. 1 g. of pure diethylamide, mp 132l33 (dec); [a],, 64.62 (c, 0.89, CHCl Anal. Calcd. for C H NO C, 50.17; H, 5.96; N, 4.88. Found: C, 49.61; H, 5.95; N, 4.79.

EXAMPLE 9 Ethyl 3(S).4(S)-4-[N-( ladamantylcarbamoyl) ]-3-ethoxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydroxybutanoate A solution of the amide acid, prepared as in Example 7, (1.0 g.) and oxalyl chloride (2 ml.) in absolute ethanol (30 ml.) was refluxed for 1 hour and then left at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 X). The organic layers were washed in turn with brine, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, dilute sodium bicarbonate solution and finally brine. The combined extracts were dried (MgSOJ and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Two crystallizations from ethyl acetate furnished 575 mg. of pure diol diester, mp l l51 16. The analytically pure material was obtained from the same solvent mixture, mp l16117; [a] 18.35 (c, 0.98, CHCl Anal. Calcd. for C H NO C, 60.44; H, 7.89; N, 3.52. Found: C, 60.09; H, 7.76; N, 3.41.

EXAMPLE l Methyl 2(S),3(S)-tetrahydro-2-(N,N-diethy1carbamoyl )-3- acetoxy-S-oxo-3-furancarboxy1ate A cooled solution of amide acid, prepared as in Example 8, (6.0 g.) in diethyl ether (125 ml.) was treated with a solution of diazomethane in ether until the yellow color persisted. The solution was left at room temperature until the excess diazomethane dissipated then the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was crystallized twice from ether to yield 3.45 g. of the pure methyl ester, mp lO3.5-105; [01],? 68.68 (c, 0.99, CHC1 Anal. Calcd. for C H NO C, 51.82; H, 6.36; N, 4.65. Found: C, 51.71; H, 6.41; N, 4.59.

EXAMPLE 1 1 Diethyl 2(S),3( S )-tetrahydro-3-acetoxy-5-oxo-2,3-furan-dicarboxylate A solution of the monoethyl ester, prepared as in Example 3, 1.0 g.) and oxalyl chloride (4 ml.) in tetrahydrofuran ml.) was heated at reflux for 30 minutes then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The acid chloride was dissolved in 10 ml. of absolute ethanol and after several minutes the solvent was again removed in vacuo. The crude diester was dissolved in ethyl acetate and the solution was washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate and with brine. The dried (MgSO organic layer was concentrated to dryness in vacuo to give 530 mg. of the diester as an oil. This material was decolorized (charcoal) and crystallized (3 X) from chilled ether-hexane solutions to give 230 mg. of the analytically pure diethyl ester, mp 3940, [011 975 (c, 1.04, CHC13).

Anal. Calcd. for C1-ZH15O8: C, 50.00; H, 5.59. Found: C, 50.09; H, 5.61.

EXAMPLE l2 Ethyl 2( S),3(S )-tetrahydro-3-(N-ethylcarbamoyl )-3- acetoxy-S-oxo-2-furancarboxylate A solution of the monoester, prepared as in Example 3, (1.0 g; 3.9 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (20 ml.) containing oxalyl chloride (4 ml.) was refluxed for minutes then was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (20 ml.) and cooled to O5 by means of a icewater bath. To the stirred solution monoethylamine (346 mg; 7.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml.) was added in one portion. After 5 minutes the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X). The ethyl acetate extracts were washed in turn with sodium bicarbonate solution (2 X) and brine (3 X), then were combined, dried (MgSO and evaporated in vacuo to give 0.9 g. of product. Crystallization of the crude material from chloroform-hexane afforded 720 mg. of the ethylamide, mp 131132. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate-carbon tetrachloride furnished the analytically pure material, mp 134 -l; [01],, +101.26(c, 1.035, CHCl Anal. Calcd. for C H NO C, 50.17; H, 5.96; N. 4.88. Found: C, 50.20; H, 6.10; N, 4.84.

EXAMPLE 13 Ethyl 2( S ),3( S )-tetrahydro-3-( N,N-diethylcarbamoyl )-3 acetoxy-S-oxo-2-furancarboxylate A solution of the monoester, prepared as in Example 3, (10 g; 39 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran ml.) containing oxalyl chloride (40 ml.) was heated at reflux temperature for 30 minutes then the solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude acid chloride was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml.) and to the cooled solution (O5) diethylamine (10 ml; 96 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X). The organic extracts were washed with sodium bicarbonate solution (3 X) and with brine (3 X) then were combined, dried (MgSO.,) and evaporated. The residue was crystallized from ether to give 5.3 g. of the diethylamide, mp 8182. The analytically pure material was obtained from the same solvent, mp 8182; [01],,

13679 (c, 0.935, CHCl Anal. Calcd. for C H ,NO-,: C, 53.33; H, 6.71; N, 4.44. Found: C, 53.47; H, 6.78; N, 4.41.

EXAMPLE 14 Ethyl 2( S ,3( S )-tetrahydro-3-[N-( 4-carboxyphenyl )carbamoyl]-3-acetoxy-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylate A solution of the monoester, prepared as in Example 3, (7.0 g; 27 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (28 mol) in tetrahydrofuran ml.) were heated at reflux for 30 minutes. The solvent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and the residual oxalyl chloride was removed by the repeated addition and evaporation of dry benzene. The crude acid chloride was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (50 ml.) and to this stirred solution a solution of p-aminobenzoic acid (4.4 g; 32 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (1.32 g; 33 mol) in water 12 ml.) was added in one portion. After 5 minutes most of the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid (2 X) and brine (2 X). The organic layers were dried (MgSO and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was dispersed in l N hydrochloric acid and extracted with chloroform (6 X). The chloroform extracts were washed with water, then combined, dried (MgSO,,) and evaporated under reduced pressure. Crystallization of the residue from ethyl acetate-carbon tetrachloride furnished in two crops 5.0 g. of product, mp 187, (dec). The analytically pure sample was obtained from ethylacetate-hexane, mp 187 (dec); [01 139.8 (c, 0.9, MeOH).

Anal. Calcd. for C H NO C, 53.83; H, 4.52; N, 3.69. Found: C, 53.69; H, 4.65; N, 3.69.

EXAMPLE 15 2(S),3( S )-Tetrahydro-2-benzy1oxycarbonyl-3-acetoxy- 5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid To a solution of 15.8 mmol of the anhydride, prepared as in Example 1, in tetrahydrofuran (75 ml.) was added benzyl alcohol, 1.8 ml; 17.4 mmol) followed by pyridine (1.5 m1; 18.6 mmol). The solution was left at room temperature for 2 hours then most of the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in water and washed with ether (2 X). The aqueous layer was acidified with 1 N hydrochloric acid solution (20 ml.) and extracted with chloroform. Evaporation of the dried (Na SO chloroform extracts furnished an oil. Crystallization from methanol-water afforded 3.5 g. of product as its monomethanol solvate, mp 79-8l.5, [01],, 93.7 (c, 0.5, MeOH).

Anal. Calcd. for C H O CH Ol-I: C, 54.24; H, 5.12. Found: C, 54.48; H, 5.21.

EXAMPLE 16 Diethylammonium 2( S 3( S )-tetrahydro-2-benzyloxycarbonyl- 3-acetoxy- 5-oxo-3 -furancarboxylate Diethylamine (1.65 ml; 16 mmol) was added to a solution of crude benzyl ester, prepared as in Example 5 15, (4.0 g', 12.5 mmol) and a white crystalline material began to form immediately. The solid was collected by filtration and washed with ether to give 4.0 g. of salt. Recrystallization from methanol-ether furnished 3.4 g. of the diethylammonium derivative, mp l28-l30; 20 [01],, 101 .81 (c, 0.94, Cl-l OH).

Anal. Calcd. for C H NO C, 57.71; H, 6.37; N, 3.54. Found: C, 58.17; H, 6.41; N, 3.49. t

The pharmaceutical formulations in Examples 17-22 are illustrated for 2(S),3(S)-tetrahydro-2-methoxycar- 25 bonyl-3-acetoxy-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid. They are applicable to all the compounds of formulas l and 1V Example 17 Capsule Formulation Per Capsule 2(S).3(S)-tetrahydroQ-methoxycarhonyl- 3-acetoxy-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid 250 mg. Lactose 60 mg. Corn Starch mg. 35 Magnesium Stearate 5 m Total Weight 350 mg.

PROCEDURE 1. All of the ingredients were mixed until thoroughly blended in a suitable size container.

2. The powder was filled into No. 2, two piece, hard shell gelatin capsules to an approximate fill weight of 350 mg. using a Parke Davis capsulating machine. (Any similar type machine may be used.)

1. All the ingredients were mixed thoroughly and Fitzed (Model D) using a No. 1A screen, medium speed.

2. The mixture was remixed and slugged.

3. The slugs were screened on an Oscillator through a No. 14 mesh screen and compressed on an E" machine.

Example 19 Capsule Formulation Per Capsule 2(S).3(Sl-tetrahydro-2methoxycarbonyl- 3-acctoxy-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid 50 mg. Lactose. USP mg. Corn Starch. USP 30 mg. Talc. USP 5 m Total Weight 210 mg.

PROCEDURE 1. 2(S),3(S)-Tetrahydro-2-methoxycarbonyl-3- acetoxy-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid was mixed with lactose and corn starch in a suitable mixer.

2. The mixture was further blended by passing through a Fitzpatrick Comminuting Machine with a No. 1A screen with knives forward.

3. The blended powder was returned to the mixer,

the talc added and blended thoroughly.

4. The mixture was filled into No. 4 hard shell gelatin capsules on a Parke Davis capsulating machine.

Example 20 Tablet Formulation Per Tablet 2(S).3(S)-tetrahydro-2-methoxycarbonyl- 3-acetoxy-S-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid 25 mg. Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate. Unrnilled mg. Corn Starch 24 mg. Magnesium Stearate 1 mg. Total Weight 225 mg.

PROCEDURE 1. 2(S),3(S)-Tetrahydro-2-methoxycarbonyl-3- Example 21 Tablet Formulation Per Tablet 2(S) 3(S)-tetrahydroZ-methoxycarhonyl- 3-acetoxy-S-oxo-B-furancarhoxylic acid 100 mg. Lactose. USP 202 mg. Corn Starch. USP 80 mg. Amijel B01 1" 20 mg. Calcium Stearate 8 m Total Weight 410 mg.

"A prehydrnlyzed food grade corn starch. Any similar prehydrulyzed corn starch may he used.

PROCEDURE 1. 2(S),3(S)-Tetrahydro-2-methoxycarbonyl-3- i acetoxy-S-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid, lactose, corn starch, and Amijel B011 were blended in a suitable mixer.

2. The mixture was granulated to a heavy paste with water and the moist mass was passed through a No. 12 screen. It was then dried overnight at 1 10F.

3. The dried granules were passed through a No. 16

screen and transferred to a suitable mixer. The calcium stearate was added and mixed until uniform.

4. The mixture was compressed at a tablet weight of 410 mg. using tablet punches having a diameter of approximately 3/8 inches. (Tablets may be either acetoxy-S-oxo-3-furancarboxylic acid and lactose were thoroughly mixed in suitable blending equipment and granulated with a 10% gelatin solution.

2. The moist mass was passed through a No. 12 screen, and the granules were dried on paper lined trays overnight.

3. The dried granules were passed through a No. 14 screen and placed in a suitable mixer. The talcum and magnesium stearate were added and blended.

4. The granulation was compressed into tablets weighing approximately 650 mg. each, using punches having an approximate diameter of 12.7 mm. (1/2inch). The final tablet thickness was about 5.1 mm.

EXAMPLE 23 Measurement of lipogenesis in vivo Female Charles River rats weighing from 120-150 g. were provided free access to water and were fed a commercial diet prior to the initiation of the experiment. Each experimental group of animals were pre-fasted 2 days and then meal-fed a single meal daily from 9-12 a.m. The meal consisted of a 70% glucose fat-free diet (G-70) containing 70% glucose, 24% vitamin-free casein, 5% salt and 1% vitamins, to which g. cellulose was added per kilogram.

On the last of feeding, at a specified time before initiation of the meal, the hydroxycitric acid derivative in ASV of the composition sodium chloride 0.9%, carboxy methyl cellulose 0.5%, benzyl alcohol 0.86% and tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoleate) 0.39% was administered. At a specified time after feeding, rats were lightly anaesthetized with Penthrane (methoxyfiurane) and injected in the tail vein with 0.25 ml. of a solution with the following composition: 12.3 g. alanine, 5;.LC C-alanine (specific activity 156 mC/mmole) as fatty acid precursor and 30.6 mg. a-ketoglutarate as a transaminase acceptor dissolved in saline pH 7.4-7.6. After 30 minutes, rats were sacrificed by decapitation and their livers were excised, rapidly weighed, minced in 15 ml. water and homogenized in a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer with 5 strokes of a drill press-driven teflon pestle. Duplicate 3-ml. aliquots of whole liver homogenates were added to tubes containing 2.1 ml. 5N NaOH and saponified with 2.6 ml. SN H SO and extracted twice with 5 ml. of petroleum ether (bp 40-60C.). Supernatants were added directly to glass counting vials, evaporated to dryness and 10 ml. of toluene-PPO-POPOP scintillation fluid was added. Samples were analyzed for absolute activity in a Packard Tri-carb scintillation counter. Resulting data was expressed as nanomoles C-alanine incorporated/ gram of tissue/30 minutes.

Effect of oral administration of hydroxycitric acid derivatives (2.63 mmoles/kg) on in vivo rates of lipogenesis Formula 1 Derivative (25.35-

configuration. unless otherwise Lipogenesis indicated) Y R, Z nanomoles *C-alaninel Percent g. liver/30 min. Inhibition ASV 1022.4 58.7(21) 0 Saline 1027.3 i 47.9(9) O CH O CH CO NH, 3422 t 1336(4) 67 C,H;O CH CO NH; 6831 1 1240(8) 33 C-,H NH- CH;,CO OH 648.6 1 104.9(7) 37 (C H,-,) N CH CO OH 858.8 :108.7(8) l6 (C- HshN CH3CO CH O 684.9 i 114.5(8) 33 C.,H,0 CH CO CgHso 616.8 70.9(7) 40 C- H,,O CH CO C- H NH 452.6 1 l28.2( 5) 56 C H O CH CO (C,H N 446.7 I 425(6) 56 C H,O CH CO p-HOOC-C,;H,NH 8380 228.5( 4) 18 C,,H CH= CH CO OH 612.6 I 96.1(5) 40 l-adamantyl CH CO OH 4766 1 63.5( 7] 53 Formula 1V Ethyl 3(S).4(S)-4- [N-( l-adamantylcarbamoyl)l-3- ethoxycarbonyl-3.4-dihydroxy- 566.1 5911(7) butanoate Rats were prefasted 2 days and meal-fed the (Iv-70 diet, for 7-13 days. They were given by stomach tube 60 minutes prior to feeding on the We claim: 1. A compound of the formula wherein R is lower alkanoyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; Y is R Z is NR R where R is lower alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R and R each taken independently is hydrogen, lower alkyl having l to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl or monocarboxy phenyl and the optical antipodes and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

2. The optical antipode of the compound of claim 1 having the 2(S),3(S)-absolute configuration.

3. The compound of claim 1 wherein R is acetyl.

4. The compound of claim 1 of the formula 

1. A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
 2. The optical antipode of the compound of claim 1 having the 2(S),3(S)-absolute configuration.
 3. The compound of claim 1 wherein R1 is acetyl.
 4. The compound of claim 1 of the formula
 5. The compound of claim 4 which is methyl-tetrahydro-3-acetoxy-3-carbamoyl-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylate.
 6. The compound of claim 4 which is ethyl-tetrahydro-3-acetoxy-3-carbamoyl-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylate.
 7. The compound of claim 4 which is ethyl-tetrahydro-3-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-3-acetoxy-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylate.
 8. The compound of claim 4 which is ethyl-tetrahydro-3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)-3-acetoxy-5-oxo-2 -furancarboxylate.
 9. The compound of claim 4 which is ethyl-tetrahydro-3(N-(4-carboxyphenyl)-carbamoyl)-3-acetoxy-5-oxo-2 -furancarboxylate. 